NYC Building Permits: Complete Guide to Types & Application Process 2025

NYC requires building permits for virtually all construction, renovation, and alteration work. Filing without proper permits results in Work Without Permit (WWP) violations with fines from $2,500-$25,000+ and Stop Work Orders. In 2024, DOB processed over 285,000 permit applications. This comprehensive guide covers all NYC permit types, application processes, costs, and timelines for 2025.

NYC Permit Types

1. Alteration Type 1 (ALT1)

For: Major alterations affecting use, egress, or occupancy; structural changes

Examples:

• Removing/altering load-bearing walls
• Adding/removing floors or mezzanines
• Changing building occupancy (residential to commercial)
• Structural reinforcement or foundation work
• Adding new egress stairs or fire escapes
• Roof structural changes

Requirements: Plans by Registered Architect (RA) or Professional Engineer (PE), professional examiner review, DOB plan check, licensed contractors only

Timeline: 4-12 months for approval

Cost: $3,000-$15,000+ (filing fees + professional fees)

2. Alteration Type 2 (ALT2)

For: Minor alterations not affecting structure, use, or egress

Examples:

• Removing non-load-bearing walls
• Kitchen/bathroom renovations
• New windows (same size/location)
• Flooring replacement
• Interior finishes (painting, tiling)
• HVAC upgrades (without structural changes)

Requirements: Plans may not require RA/PE for simple work, licensed contractors, expedited review in DOB NOW

Timeline: 2-8 weeks for approval

Cost: $500-$3,000 (filing fees + drawings)

3. Alteration Type 3 (ALT3)

For: One-/two-family dwellings with minor work

Examples:

• Deck construction (1-2 family homes)
• Interior renovations (non-structural)
• Replacement windows/doors
• Siding replacement

Requirements: Simplified application, homeowner may file (no RA/PE required for minor work)

Timeline: 1-4 weeks

Cost: $250-$1,000

4. New Building (NB)

For: New construction from foundation up

Examples:

• New residential/commercial buildings
• Ground-up construction
• New accessory structures (garages, sheds >144 sq ft)

Requirements: Full architectural/engineering plans, zoning compliance, professional examiner, multiple agency approvals (DOB, LPC, DOT, DEP), licensed general contractor

Timeline: 6-24+ months for approval

Cost: $10,000-$100,000+ (large projects)

5. Plumbing (PL)

For: Plumbing work: new fixtures, gas line work, water heater installation, backflow preventers

Requirements: Licensed Master Plumber files permit, separate from ALT permits

Timeline: 1-3 days (often same-day approval)

Cost: $200-$600

6. Fire Suppression (FS)

For: Sprinkler systems, standpipe installation, fire alarm work

Requirements: Licensed Fire Suppression Contractor, FDNY approval

Timeline: 1-2 weeks

Cost: $500-$2,000

7. Sign (SG)

For: Exterior signage, awnings, marquees

Requirements: Design professional for large signs, structural analysis for building-mounted signs

Timeline: 2-6 weeks

Cost: $300-$1,500

8. Equipment Work (EW)

For: HVAC units, boilers, generators, fuel tanks

Requirements: Licensed contractors (HVAC, electrical, plumbing as needed), DOB approval

Timeline: 1-4 weeks

Cost: $400-$2,000

NYC Permit Application Process (DOB NOW)

Step 1: Determine Permit Type

Review scope of work. Consult RA/PE if unsure. Check NYC Permit Types 101 guide.

Step 2: Prepare Construction Documents

For ALT1/NB: Full architectural/structural plans by RA/PE. For ALT2/ALT3: Scope drawings (may not need RA/PE). For PL/FS/EW: Equipment specifications and installation drawings.

Step 3: Create DOB NOW Account

Register at DOB NOW Portal. Owner or licensed professional files application.

Step 4: File Application Electronically

Upload: construction documents (PDF), property documents (deed, C of O), professional certifications (RA/PE seals), contractor information, zoning analysis.

Step 5: Pay Filing Fees

Fees calculated based on: building use/occupancy, construction cost, square footage, permit type.

Step 6: DOB Review

ALT1/NB: Plan examiner review (4-12 weeks)
ALT2/ALT3: Expedited review (1-4 weeks)
PL/EW/FS: Quick approval (1-7 days)

Step 7: Address Objections

If DOB issues objections: revise plans, submit amendments, respond to examiner comments.

Step 8: Permit Approval

Once approved: receive Work Permit, post permit on-site, notify DOB of work start date (PAA - Pre-Application Approval required).

Step 9: Inspections

Schedule DOB inspections at key milestones: foundation, framing, rough plumbing/electrical, final.

Step 10: Certificate of Occupancy (if applicable)

After work completion and final inspection: file for Temporary/Permanent C of O.

Permit Costs (2025 Estimates)

Common Permit Questions

Do I need a permit to renovate my kitchen?

Yes. Even cosmetic kitchen renovations typically require ALT2 permits. If you're moving plumbing/gas, you also need PL permits.

Do I need a permit to replace windows?

Yes, for existing openings (ALT2/ALT3). Enlarging windows requires ALT1 permit.

Can I pull my own permit?

Property owners can file permits for 1-2 family homes (ALT3). ALT1/ALT2/NB require licensed professionals.

How long are permits valid?

1 year from issuance. Permits must be renewed annually if work continues. Expired permits trigger violations.

What if I started work without a permit?

Stop work immediately. File permits retroactively. Expect Work Without Permit (WWP) violation: $2,500-$25,000 fine.

How to Avoid Permit Violations

1. Always File Permits Before Starting Work

Even "minor" work requires permits. Penalties for Work Without Permit far exceed permit costs.

2. Track Permit Expiration Dates

Set reminders 90 days before expiration. Use D.O.B. Guard for automated tracking.

3. Renew Permits Annually

If work continues past 1 year, renew permits before expiration to avoid violations.

4. Schedule Inspections Promptly

Don't delay required inspections. Delays trigger Stop Work Orders.

5. Close Out Permits After Completion

File for final inspection and Certificate of Completion immediately after work finishes.

Related Resources

• NYC Permit Types 101: When You Need One and How To Apply
• Stop Work Order NYC: Removal Process & Penalties
• NYC DOB Violations: The Complete 2025 Guide
• DOB NOW vs. BIS: Where To Check Permits

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take to get a NYC building permit?

Minor permits (ALT2, PL, EL): 1–4 weeks. Major permits (ALT1, NB): 4–12 weeks. Expedited reviews available for additional fees.

Can I do work without a permit if it's minor?

No. Even minor work (painting over 20%, window replacement, electrical/plumbing) requires permits. Work without permit results in $2,500–$25,000 fines and Stop Work Orders.

What happens if my permit expires?

Permits expire if work isn't completed within the term (typically 1 year, renewable annually). Expired permits trigger DOB violations and must be renewed with fees.

Do I need an architect or engineer to file a permit?

For major work (ALT1, NB, structural): Yes, Registered Architect (RA) or Professional Engineer (PE) required. For minor work (ALT2, PL, EL): Not always, but recommended.

Last updated: October 2025. This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.